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Travel Photography Tips

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google-maps-world-map.jpg Whenever I travel, I have a very loose approach to packing my stuff. Mostly, I pack in less than 20 minutes – regardless if I’m going away for a night or three weeks. There are four checks: Passport, tickets, credit card, and camera.

It’s just the way it goes, you can’t get by without either of those items (except perhaps tickets, if you are travelling with an airline who has embraced eTickets). If your journey is especially designed for photography, however, the task may be slightly different.  

 

Today, via the bottomless resource that is the Travel Photography Blog, I found Jay Hargett’s amazing Travel Photography Tips article.

It touches on all the major topics, including preparation, what and how to pack, travel photo composition, safety, security, etc. And just when you thought you knew everything there was to know about the topic, the comments start. What can I say, Photo.net is read by some amazing people. Page upon page of witty, clever, and downright genius suggestions, tips, tricks, and advice.

Well worth a read!


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A photograph isn't art... it just is.

I good long while ago ago, I posted an article about Roland Barthes’ Camera Lucida. At the time, one of my readers – Wigwam Jones – posted a rather awesome response, and I have been meaning to highlight it at some level – It’s been a long time coming, but here we go – I bring to you, Basically, The lovely Wigwam’s take on photography, Barthes, ad a bit of nihilistic arts theory thrown in for good measure.  

 

Take it away mr Jones…

Art, schmart! People worry too much over categories and argue definitions that don’t matter. I read Barthes book recently as well, I think he was brilliant. But, people find it difficult to read him – he writes thickly, it is hard to get to the point of his thrusts. It is worth the battle, however.

My take-away from Barthes’ book addresses one of the perennial questions about ‘photography-as-art’ for me – but others will continue to beat the subject to death in a circling spiral of self-examination.

The basis of Barthe’s book is simple – there are three ways to look at a photograph.

The first is the art of the making of the photograph. That is the art that the photographer experiences. No one else can share that joy, and probably no one else can feel that experience, unless something undefinable comes through the viewing of the resulting photograph itself later on. However, the art that the photographer created exists for the photographer even if the film is never even developed.

The second is the printing of the photograph. The is the artistry of the printer, the darkroom alchemist, who, if not the photographer himself (or herself) must interpret the meaning, absorb the purpose, appreciate the sign (the signifier) and bring that to the art of the print. There is also the artistry of the print itself to be considered – here choice of paper and finish and size and matting and framing all have some part to play. This again may have some impact on the ultimate viewer of the photograph, but the art that the printer creates and experiences belongs to that person alone.

The third and final art is the artistic value that the ultimate viewer puts on the photograph when it is printed and seen. Thoroughly subjective, and bereft of any meaning – it signifies only what the viewer perceives, filtered through their own layers of meaning and interpretation. The artist can say that the photograph ‘means’ this or that – but that meaning only applies to the art of the first part. It may not – or it may – apply to the meaning of the art of the third part. However, there is no rule saying it must. If the ultimate viewer X says it is crap – it is crap. If viewer Y says it is genius, it is genius. It cannot signify more than what the viewer believes it to signify.

When the photographer finds a common chord, a meme that is established, a link between art of the first part, art of the second part, and art of the third part; and this may signify meaning to many viewers, who will all proclaim it ‘art’ – and such it is, to the world at large. This link may not even have been intended – such is the case with the frustrated photographer who finds his or her work admired ‘for the wrong reasons’.

It has nothing to do with anything else. This is what people find so hard to grasp. Subject, date, place, camera used, etc, and etc ad nauseum mean precisely nothing.

This does NOT mean that the photographer took a technically precise or excellent photograph. It does NOT mean that the printer made the perfect presentation of that photograph upon paper. It does NOT mean that some overwhelming public good has been achieved, or that some pinnacle of excellence has been attained.

The ultimate definition of art is nihilist – ‘art’ means nothing, cannot be defined, and doesn’t ultimately matter. A photograph is. What it signifies may or may not be of interest to any given person.

And that, to me, is what Barthe considered when he asked what a photograph ultimately means.

(originally posted as a comment to an article about Roland Barthes’ Camera Lucida. © Wigwam Jones


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Creating your own photography blog

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This article discusses the what’s, how’s and why’s of running a photography blog.

You’re a photographer, you’ve got a camera – probably one of those flashy SLR jobbies – and you have a harem of groupies who follow you wherever you go, and you make a quarter of a million quid out of a moderately sized photo shoot. Yeah, baby, that’s what it feels like when you’re a shit-hot ‘tog. Or so I’ve been led to believe.

In reality – and especially now that digital SLRs have become relatively affordable – the vast bulk of people reading this blog will be amateur photographers. Really good amateurs – hell, fanatic amateurs, even.  

 

The most fun thing about being an amateur is that when you learn something, you get massive results – if you imagine ‘photography skills’ to be a scale from 1 to 1000, where 1 is a tadpole in your fishpond without much photographic skills to speak of, and 1,000 is, well, the photographer mentioned above, it will take you a few years to get from 1 to 500, and it’ll take you a lifetime of dedication, practice and study to make it from 500 to 750. The last few hundred? Well, never mind.

The point is that you need to keep yourself busy in a constant learning loop: Reminding yourself what you are good at, and what you’re not, will increase the quality of your work across the board. I find that the best way to do that is to start a photography blog. It acts as a visual notepad which happens to be visible to others.

On a scale from 1-10 (10 best), how good are your photography skills?

View Results

Setting up the blog

Photocritic runs on WordPress, which I cannot recommend highly enough. It’s easy to use, easy to customise, doesn’t cost a penny, and can be made to look quite good.

WordPress comes in two particular flavours – over on WordPress.com, everything is taken care of for you: You create an account (for free!), and can start blogging right away. The downside of the dot-com version is that there are limits to how much you can customise your blog. The upside is that you need next to no technical skill, everything is very well documented, and if you can use the Internet, you can use WordPress.com

The other flavour of WordPress is just-the-software, which lives on WordPress.org. This one is a little bit more complicated to install (I can set up a wordpress installation in about 20 seconds now, by SSH’ing into my slicehost server, wgetting the installation package, and setting up a database – but if none of that means anything to you, don’t worry, it sounds more complicated than it is).

The key difference with the .org version is that you need to download it and install it onto your web server. It gives you a lot more choices, and you can hack the code to suit your needs, if you know a little bit of PHP.

If you don’t have a web server, you can either choose a shared server (cheap – I have great experiences with Dataflame), a virtual server (cheaper, but more complex. slicehost is the platinum standard here), or a dedicated server (expensive, more complex, but much more powerful – Photocritic was hosted on Layered Tech for years, warmly recommended)

Whichever version of WordPress you use, the community around this particular blogging platform is iron-clad, which means that a) most questions you come across have already been answered, so a quick Google search should sort you out, and b) if you have a question that has never been asked before, someone will answer it for you very quickly.

Finally, there are lots of free blogging solutions out there – WordPress is my favourite, but Livejournal is pretty good, Google’s Blogger is pretty nifty, and there are scores of others – shop around if you aren’t quite convinced! If you’re only going to post images anyway, why not use Flickr?

Set up two blogs!

So, you’ve chosen which blog you’re going to use. Now, if you don’t have a website already, I would strongly recommend setting up two blogs right from the start – one for every blog entry you do, and one for photos you are particularly proud of.

The latter can act as your portfolio, and if you’re clever about how you categorise your photos (Just like on Photocritic: if you click ‘lens mods‘ in the sidebar, you get all the articles I’ve written about lens modifications. You could create categories such as ‘portraiture’, ‘nude’, ‘architectural’ and ‘concerts’), it can turn out pretty well.

The former is your notepad – where you write down all the ideas you have, photo shoots you did, and things you learned from them. Photos you like and why, photos you would love to have gotten right, but why they went wrong, etc.

Your portfolio is great to pass to people you want to impress. Your portfolio? You can either decide to keep it to yourself (in wordpress, you can hide all posts from non-logged-in users, and then just don’t give away any log-ins) just like a real note-book, or you might decide to open it up so others can benefit from your learnings, too.

If you’re worried about prospective clients seeing your work-in-progress or emo musings about ‘the rain’s so cold, I’m so sad, and I can’t figure out how to work my fucking flashgun’, then just do it under a pseudonym – that way, they can’t find you in Google, but you still get the benefits of helping others along who are stuck on the same things as you.

You don’t have to be a writer

I know I wank on about things at great length about all and sundry in this particular blog, but that’s because I’m fond of writing. I’m fond of photography, too, of course, but that’s not the point – the point is that even if you don’t write a single word, you can still create a photography blog that is useful to yourself.

Whenever you do a day’s shooting, post your 3 favourite, and your 3 least favourite photos from the shoot to your blog – I used to do this, and it was great on my ego seeing how my ‘least favourite’ photos today are better than my ‘zomg this is amazing’ photos from a few years ago…

Good luck!

Right, I think those were all the learnings I had to impart for now. I would love for you to tell me if you set up a photography blog, though – post a comment below with a link to your blog so I can have a look? Thanks!


The photos in this blog are from a photo shoot I did with the Bristol-based band Kortez last year

 


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Review: Understanding Shutter Speed

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“Photography has to be enjoyed by looking at pictures”, my arts teacher used to say, back when I still listened to teachers. I agree with the man, but I’m also a geek, and I love understanding things. I’m the kind of guy who enjoys knowing why the engine makes more noise and the car goes faster when I press the fast pedal on a car. I like to understand how a satellite works, and why it can make movies appear on my TV. And I love to understand how a photograph works.

There’s been a lot of books written about photography throughout the years (I had a stab at it myself…), but to be perfectly honest with you, a lot of them are complete and utter rubbish.  

If you’re a regular reader of Photocritic, you’ll have noticed that I don’t do a lot of book reviews; and there’s an excellent reason for that: I rarely come across books that I truly enjoy, and I’ve got better things to do with my time than to slag off the bad ones. Peterson’s Understanding Shutter Speed isn’t one of these books – If you’re still struggling to figure out how this whole shutter speed thing works, and to see some rather splendid examples of what happens when you use different shutter speeds for different jobs, you could do a lot worse than picking up a copy of this book.

 

Peterson skips the basics and the theory behind exposure – for which I’ll be forever grateful, because frankly, it’s not that exciting. Instead, the whole book is filled with a vast number of breathtakingly gorgeous photographs (about 160 pages worth, which means around 150 photographs or so, I think), and a fair chunk of text.

What’s unique about this book, though, is that the text largely shies away from the theory, and instead takes you along on a journey, explaining the what, why, and how in a language that anyone can understand easily.

Throughout the book, you’ll get examples and suggestions about how you can use fast and slow shutter speeds to freeze action, imply motion, and capture photographs at night. It talks about panning, speed, and comes with some fanciful ideas about how you can capture great photos by fixing your camera to a moving object (a broom or a shopping trolly are but two examples of getting funky photos).

The best way to use the book is probably to leaf through it, find a photograph you like (and you’re bound to find many), and then read the description to learn how it’s done.

Peterson is an author who reminds us all that photography isn’t – and shouldn’t be – rocket science. A little bit of knowledge goes a long way to understanding how it all fits together – and, as stated already, this book is a great first couple of steps on the road to full-on creativity.

Bryan Peterson’s Understanding Shutter Speed is available from Amazon (USA / UK). Also check out Bryan’s website, if you want go get a flavour for the type of photos you can expect in this book.

The photos used in this article are © Bryan Peterson.


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Quick update

Lack of updates

Sorry about the lack of updates recently, I’ve been mad busy with my day-job recently (excitingly, we just launched our version of BBC’s iPlayer, known as Demand Five, yesterday), and I’ve got an exciting extension to Photocritic which is coming up soon, so I’ve mostly been doing behind-the-scenes work.

 

Want to contribute an article?

If any of you fancy writing a guest article on Photocritic, you are more than welcome to – a bit more info on how that side of things works is available here.

Feeds updated!

Also, exciting news about the feeds: The other day, I had a complaint that my feed wasn’t full-text. Don’t ever let it be said that I don’t listen to you guys: I’ve enabled full-text feeds on my blog as per this morning. If you guys fancy putting the feed on your website, you’re more than welcome to

Back into music photography

Finally, this week, I did the first gig photography I’ve done in ages, and I was well excited. My photos, as per usual, are on 3 Songs. The galleries taken on Wednesday were Narration, New Adventures, The Ruling Class, and Silhouette - check ‘em out! Also, if you fancy learning more about gig photography, check out our series on concert photography – especially the introduction article ‘Concert Photography‘!

Bear with me while I get my ducks in a row – hopefully, I’ll be able to go back to semi-regular updates of Photocritic soon!


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8 steps to sharper photos


Razor wire? Well sharp!

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So you’ve finally graduated from taking photos with a compact, and have your grubby little paws on a fantastic digital single-lens reflex. All good and well, but why don’t your pictures come out as fantastic as some of the ones you see on Flickr? Surely, they’re using the same camera as you – where are you going wrong?

That was essentially what Pieter asked me about this week. So, without further ado, 8 ways to make your photos jump off the screen.

Step 1: Use low ISO

If you want the highest possible degree of sharpness from your photographs (and if you don’t, you’re reading the wrong article.), you’re going to have to start by removing anything that gets in the way of being able to extract as much detail out of your photos as possible.

Step 1 is to ensure that your pictures at the very least are recorded with the least possible amount of noise. To do this, set your camera to the lowest ISO setting – most cameras have 100, some have 80 as the lowest setting.

How does this help?

At higher ISO, you can get photos with faster shutter times (we’ll get to that in a bit), but the trade-off is extra digital noise. Which we don’t want.

Step 2: Stop down your lens

Ooh, look at me using all sorts of photography terminology. In more readable English, ‘stopping down your lens’ means to not take your photos at wide-open apertures. You don’t have to take photos at f/22, but the sweet spot for most lenses is at between f/8 and f/11.

How does this help?

At a wide aperture (say, f/2.8 or f/3.5), your lens lets as much light into the camera as possible. “That’s good”, I hear you say but that’s not always the case: you’d be surprised how much fuzzier lenses can be fully open compared to being stopped down slightly. This is doubly true for consumer-grade lenses, such as the lenses that are sold in body-and-lens kits.

Stop down your lens to f/8 to get as much sharpness from it as you can.

Step 3: Get rid of vibrations

Now that the camera itself doesn’t degrade the image quality by adding extra noise, and your lens is operating at its very best, suddenly you, the photographer, are the issue. Try to make your subjects stand as still as possible, and use a good, sturdy tripod. Use as fast a shutter time as you can too – this counteracts the effects of any camera shake

If you’re shooting with particularly low light, you may even consider using a remote control or the self-timer to ensure that you don’t inadvertently shake the camera when you trip the shutter.

How does this help?

Any vibrations that are transferred through you to the camera cause a very slight blur. Some times, you can’t tell it’s actualy blurry, but trust me – it will affect the crispness of your photos (Why do you think that studio photographers use tripods a lot of the time?). Trust me, use a tripod.

Step 4: Get enough light

All the tips so far are incredibly useful, but you’ll notice that they all ruin your light: The combination of low ISO, small aperture and high shutter speed mean that you need an ungodly amount of light. Shoot out-doors, use studio strobes, invest in a flashgun and a reflector, set off a nuclear bomb – do whatever you have to to get as much light as you can.

Step 5: Always shoot in RAW

To maximise the amount of data you have to work with later on, when the time comes to edit your photos, shoot in RAW format.

How does this help?

We didn’t just spend all that effort just to let your camera screw up the photos by throwing away a lot of information and compressing it – which is what happens when you shoot in JPG.

RAW format gives you a load more flexibility, more data to work with, and is an overall better way to work with digital photos.

Step 6: Watch your exposure

It is positively amazing how much data an imaging chip actually captures – there is so much information in a photograph that you’re never likely to even look at. The secret lies in that all this information is in the shadow parties.

Obviously, it is always better to try and expose your photograps perfectly (See ‘how exposure works‘ to find out how to get it right)

If you have to hedge your bets, it’s always better to underexpose slightly than to over-expose: You can work with underexposure in Photoshop, but an over-exposed image (with areas that appear ‘burned out’ or completely white) is a write-off, sadly.

Having said all that, you lose definition if you have to fiddle too much with a photograph – so do your best to get your exposure as good as possible.

Step 7: Think about your workflow

Ideally, you want to treat your photos in this order:

  1. Take the photo
  2. Copy it to your computer
  3. Make any adjustments to colour and exposure on the RAW file
  4. Make any other adjustments in Photoshop
  5. Resize the image for your target medium (a flyer, the web, an e-mail, a photographic print etc)
  6. Sharpen your photo (but don’t over-do it)
  7. Save it down at the highest possible quality

Step 8: Sharpen your photos for the right medium

Now that you’ve done everything right, you can think about sharpening your photos. This is quite an in-depth process – so much so, that I could almost write a separate article about it. Oh, wait, I already did – twice!

Read a lengthy explanation for why you should sharpen your photos, and a separate one which treats the all-important question of how you sharpen photographs in the best way possible.

Last step: Ignoring everything we've learned so far...

Pin-sharp photos are great fun, but it’s not necessarily the be-all and end-all of photography (Don’t believe me? Check out the Lensbaby, for example…), and you don’t have to do all of the above all the time.

Pick and choose which techniques are convenient / viable given the circumstances – the more of them you implement, the sharper your photos come out!

Stabilising a cheap tripod

Tripods are cheap as chips nowadays, but the cheaper ones have a few flaws. Most importantly, they are too light, and too unstable. So what do you do when you are working on macro stuff, and your tripod won’t stop vibrating, or the high winds are trying to disturb your photographic peace?  

Quite simply, most of the time, your tripod will be unstable because of shoddy construction, which can’t really be helped. The downside is that if there’s movement in the legs, you’ll find that the wind can actually move your tripod around slightly.

Normally, this isn’t much of a problem (although if your camera is moving, there’s no point in lugging a tripod around, right?), but if you’re working with macro photography and similar, you might find it a bit cumbersome.

Add inertia

A lot of problems can be counteracted by simply adding more inertia to the set-up, however: Make the whole thing heavier, and while it'll still move, it will move less, which might be enough to get the shot you wanted!

A lot of problems can be counteracted by simply adding more inertia to the set-up, however: Make the whole thing heavier, and while it'll still move, it will move less, which might be enough to get the shot you wanted!

So basically, attach something heavy to the bottom of the tripod, hanging from the bottom rod (the piece that has the tripod head attached to the other end). Some tripods come with hooks attached especially for this purpose, but you can easily make your own with a piece of string, a hook, or something similar.

Alternatively, take a triangular length of fabric, and tie each corner to a leg of the tripod. You now have a hammock in the middle, underneath your camera. Fill it with heavy things (stones, camera lenses, the treasures of the Sierra Madre, whatever you happen to have handy), and your tripod will be firmly pulled to mother earth.

The result is that your tripod is held firmly against the ground, and that your camera is held a lot more steady! Bonus.

Canvas printing

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There’s web galleries, there’s your mum’s photo printer, and then there is this…

One of the most beautiful ways of presenting photographs has to be getting your photos transferred onto canvas. The cool thing is that you can get quite creative what you do on a canvas – just ask Rembrandt & co!

There are a lot of companies out there who are offering the service these days, but I recently stumbled across one that stands out from the crowd with its snazzy Web 2.0 interface and its glorious prints.  

 

I’ve done canvas printing a few times before, but I figured I’d give it another go in order to create a present for someone who’s got a birthday coming up (so if you are my sister, stop reading now. If you know my sister, don’t tell her, because that’d just be cheating).

The photo I had printed was one of my long-time fave photos I took in a safari park a few years ago – in fact, my sister was there when I took the photo (I’ve written about that trip before, on my private site, in an article titled The Lions might have a thing for Minis, but the monkeys destroyed my car. Don’t ask.), which is one of the reasons why I figured it might make a good gift.

Enfin, I was shopping around for a decent printing site when I came across Full Size Posters, and instantly fell in love.

Finally, someone who understood that I didn’t really want to faff about with a load of tickboxes and suchlike, just a simple, smooth way of printing a canvas print. Even better; they offer the option of not having it mounted on a wooden frame, which allows you far greater flexibility with how you put the photo on the wall.

The canvas print took about a week to arrive (and then another week for me to be able to get my act together and pick it up from the post-office, but that’s a different matter altogether), and I was rather impressed when I had a look at it.

I should tell you this though: Canvas prints aren’t for everyone; they’re a trade-off. What you lose in sharpness, you gain in character. There’s no doubt that regular prints have better colours, more detail, better sharpness and a high impact, but canvas prints have a beauty about them that you just can’t show off otherwise.

My initial idea was to go to town on the print with thick, translucent lacquer. By adding a layer of brush strokes, I figured, the photograph could turn into a half-painting.

Then again, my sister is quite a good painter herself, and I changed my mind: it would make an even better present if I turn it into a collaborative effort: I give her a canvas with a photograph on it, and I challenge her to paint on top of the canvas to turn it into a true artwork.

And thus, the true magnificence of canvas printing came to light: they’re great on their own, but even better as a basis for further artistic expression. Fabulous.


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From microstocks to megabucks

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The Problem with Microstock’ article a few weeks back. The curse of having a relatively high-profile blog, however, is that people tend to disagree with you. Well, that’s not really the curse, that’s a fact of life. The curse, specifically, is that you frequently get incredibly eloquent people disagreeing with you – people who disagree passionately enough to write their side of the story.

Seeing as how I’m not a politician, I’m fully entitled to change my mind about things, including Microstock. And while I still feel that the premise of Microstock is wrong for all the reasons described in that other post, I wouldn’t be much of an Economist subscriber if I didn’t see that there was a flipside to the proverbial coin as well – in this case, expressed by Willie Thomas, a man who makes his living with stock photography.

I caught up with him to find out how he does it…  

 

Selling for Pennies – Life as a Microstock Photographer

I make little secret of my dislike for microstock, as re-iterated in my ‘What is Microstock?

Things that define what a Microstock agency is are:

  1. Sells images exclusively via the Internet.
  2. More accessible to a wider range of photographers than traditional stock agencies.
  3. Sell their images at a lower than traditional rate.

This last point is why most traditional stock photographers often foster a deeply ingrained dislike of Microstock.

The counter-argument put forward by Microstock agencies is you will make-up lost income on a higher quantity of sold images. Ultimately, it’s all down to how much you earn in the long run. Say you need an income of $2000 per month, for example – does it matter if you sell 2 photos at $1000 a piece, or 1000 photos at $2 a piece?

Photographers submitting to traditional stock photography sites will say yes, and argue that making $2000 on 2000 sales is preposterous.

If all things in the world of stock photography were equal, this point of view wins – after all, nobody would dream of argue against making more money with less work? In the stock photography world, however, that’s no longer the way it works. Just like in all other free markets, a photograph has no value other than what a client is willing to pay. In practice, this still means that extremely good photographers are probably better off selling their work under rights managed licences – but for anyone who is mediocre, there is a huge slice of the pie left, in the shape of microstock photography.

The birth of Microstock

“I found Microstock back in the days when it still was the “Designer’s dirty little secret”.”, Thomas recalls. “I knew a designer that had many small business owners, restaurants owners and auto repair shops as customers”. Needless to say, they were all in the market for a new website. The problem was that in order to get imagery, you had a few choices available:

  1. Steal the photo off the internet and hope for the best
  2. Get a professional photographer involved
  3. Buy photos from the established stock photography houses
  4. Take the photos yourself

Take a look at those choices. In effect, 1 is illegal, 2 is brutally expensive (and not always possible – a grocery shop might not actually always sell dew-fresh tomatoes, but might still wish to use pictures of them on their website), 4 is probably impossible because photography is quite difficult, and, again, you may not have what you actually want photographed.

Which leaves option 3, which is also brutally expensive. On the other hand, there are a lot of quite good photographers on the internet, who take photos that are good enough for the mom-and-pop shop. If only there was a way to tap the amateur and semi-professional photographers, pay them a small fee, and use their photos…

Thus, microstock was born.

The economics of Microstock

The problem with the small websites, of course, was two-fold. “On average”, Thomas says “they had $400-$650 to spend. This is not much of a budget, if they needed five images, the licensing fees at a traditional stock houses each image would cost about $50, which totals to $250 USD”. Obviously, you can’t have photography alone take up more than half of the budget that is earmarked a website.

This puts web designers in a tight spot: “My web designer friend could not make a profit and still pay the licensing fees.”, Thomas concluded. And while he would love to be able to help, he couldn’t afford to shoot custom images and license them for $10 USD each.

Microstock to the rescue. “The designer gets to pay a license he can afford, the business owner gets a website that looks good, I can shoot the images, then license them to 10,000 other small business owners who are in the same boat”, Thomas says. That should leave just about everyone as a winner, right?

Wrong.

“Traditional stock houses photographers weren’t happy. At all.”, Thomas recalls. “Now that we are selling to this segment of the market that they have ignored, we are bottom feeders and accused of stealing the food from their mouths.”, he says, but points out that there’s something the traditional stock photographers seem to be forgetting. “The people who buy RF Microstock are not the same as the ones licensing RM.”

Why aren’t they the same people? Simple: “They are not the same ones that can afford to license RF from traditional stock houses.”, Thomas muses, and makes it clear how he feels: “These are customers that because of greed, arrogance, and mistaking business for art, photographers told to fuck off”.

Why the numbers don’t quite stack up…

Bruce Livingstone created the first Microstock company iStockPhoto in 2000, and sold it to Getty six years later for a mind-melting $50 million USD. The cynical would say that he was the only one who got rich of micro stock, but they’d be wrong.

Getty Images reported earning of 857.6 million USD for 2006. This was an increase over their 2005 earnings. In the same year a PDN survey reported, “In general, stock incomes have stagnated for most photographers over the past five years, with slightly more than half (52%) of respondents reporting incomes that have stayed the same or fallen”.

Wait a minute… The stock agencies are making more money, but the photographers shooting for the stock agencies are unhappy? How could that possibly be right?

The rumour has it that Photographers submitting to traditional stock houses are making the BIG BUCKS – and you frequently hear success stories of photographers who are making a very fine living indeed. Is that true for all of them, though?

“The PDN survey tells a different story”, Thomas says: Photographers selling images at traditional stock agency reported an average income of $86,400 (from all types of photography) half of that ($40,600) came from stock sells. Self-distributors those earned the majority of their stock income selling directly to clients reported an average income of $68,700 about 35% of that ($24,000) came from stock sells.

The big bucks microstockers feel they are missing comes down to $40,000 to $24,000 per year. These amounts are well within the range of any professional Microstocker to make. The survey also found that photographers that reported the majority of their income came from RF stock sales earning on average were $63,200 from this licensing model. For the photographers that reported the majority of their income came from RM stock sales the average was $38,500 in stock sales.

So, Why does the PDN survey reports an average microstock income of less then $1,000 per year? Thomas has an answer ready: “more people do photography as a hobby then a profession”. He also offers the flipside, though: “If you make it a profession, there’s ample opportunity to make a decent living in microstock”.

How can a photographer make a living on $.20 a download?

On any websites critical of microstock, you always see this amount ($0.20) reported. The chart above from the PDN survey shines a little more light on this subject.

As we can see, the only photographers making that amount are submitting to Shutterstock a subscription Microstock site. The other two sites shown, Dreamstime averages $1.15 per download and IstockPhoto $.85 per download payment.

Why are these figures per download payments so low? The majority of people submitting to Microstock site are hobbyist. These are the contributors with portfolio of 10-300 images and receive 2-4 downloads each day.

The professional Microstocker has much larger portfolios and higher download rates, though: “I define a professional Microstocker as someone with an average portfolio of 1000-10,000 images and an average download rate of about 30-250 images per day.”, Thomas says.

“In addition”, he claims – and I believe this is the crux of the matter “they treat working with Microstock sites as a business.” The problem with the large number of amateurs involved in microstock is that they have a very loud voice: Complaining about lack of sales or a low return isn’t countered by those who are doing well, because they’re too busy running their business.

“I will confine this discussion to Gold level exclusive iStockPhoto contributors, since I have the most knowledge about this level.”, Thomas says. “On average Gold, members have 1000 images in their portfolios, over 10,000 downloads and receive a 35% commission rate. The average payment per download would be closer to $1.54. A typical download rate per month would be about 1,100 images.”

If you’ve missed the math on that one, we’re talking pretty big money, but it doesn’t stop there, as Thomas points out: “Additional income consists of extended license sells, print sales, and custom jobs shoots from contacts made on these sites. Extended license sells and custom jobs shoots on average will add $50.00 to $100.00 to each month’s total. When we add these numbers together; (1.54 x 1100 = 1700 x 12 = $20,400) you get a better picture of the average professional Microstockers income.”

So, how does Microstock stack up against traditional stock photography?

At iStockPhoto a large file goes for $10 USD, a Gold level exclusive member would receive $3.50 USD or 35%. “Corbis licenses a 2 MB file for $140 USD of this I am guessing the photographer get about 20%, or $28 USD.”, Thomas estimates. “I have no way of knowing what the true commission is, but I know Getty pays a 20% commission. I can find no reason to believe Corbis would pay much higher.”

It is no surprise that the traditional stock houses photographer has made more money. The fact is he/she has made $24.50 more than the Microstockers.

How many large size downloads would it take the Microstockers to equal this income, seven large downloads. In the world of Microstock, images anything less than 10 downloads per month would be conceded a slow mover.

Buy for a penny and sale for a dime.

“I am not trying to convince photographers to switch over to shooting for RF Microstock.”, Thomas concedes. “Each person has their business to run and to make profitable”. He continues: “We really need really about how the new models of selling photography effect business and how we can capitalize on this new market.”

A keen eye for business can be as important as a sharp eye for a photograph: “Sometimes we treat our images like children, and we take things too personally. Stock photographic has always been about business, nothing has chanced in the last five years. What is the first rule of business? Buy for a penny and sale for a dime.”

By making a proper budget, doing the math, and operating like a proper business, you’re well on your way to making it big, then. Surely, there’s something missing from all of this… Oh, yeah. The photos…

So, what makes a good microstock photo?

There is little difference, as far as I can tell, about the type of photograph that sells well on Microstock sites or RF images sold by places like Getty or Corbis.

The only differences are the customer base and pricing. Some of the themes that seem to do very well are Business, Lifestyle images, and images dealing with concepts – think ‘illustration image’, and you’re thinking in the right direction.

Why choose microstock over big stock agencies?

“Microstock site are accessible!”, Thomas exclaims. “Microstock site do not ask you to submit 3,000 images for concretion. Microstock sites do not work under the “Good Old Boy” system of inclusion, and they’ve found new customer bases that were unable to buy images in the past. These customers are bringing lots of new money into the market”, Thomas enthuses.

In addition, there are a few advantages with the mediom of microstock: “Microstock sites have a very fast turn around time for getting these images on the market. An example would be, hot new media topic “world-wide food shortage”. I come up with a great idea for this topic, and submit images to a traditional stock agency. It may take weeks before those images pass thru the inspection and key wording process. Submitting the same images to a Microstock sites and the images can be online within hours.”

 

So, what does a good stock portfolio look like?

Willie Thomas is a successful microstock photographer, and that made me very curious about what his stock portfolio, in fact, looks like. Luckily, he’s happy to tell us: “As of April 23, 2008, I have 1176 images online. The pattern of downloads is 10% of these get multiple downloads each day. Another percent of the portfolio downloads once a day and some images download only once a month. What I am always surprise about is the total amount poor performers contribute to the bottom line.”

Despite all of this, he couldn’t quite live off his microstock earnings. “It question depends on how much money you need to support your standard of living.”, he quips. “You can find some very interesting ideas about this subject here. For mepersonally, I did not start in microstock to make a living. I started submitting images to supplement my photographic income.”

Thomas further explains that most of his images that sell well have people in them – not such a big surprise, really, considering his ‘day job’ is as a portrait photographer. “I shoot high-end portraits for business people, mostly”, he says, and believes that this gives him access to many location and models that work well as stock images. He has a few models he works with again and again, but is also on the look-out for new faces.

Investing in your stock portfolio

If you want to take (micro)stock photography seriously, though, you have to make some sacrifices. “Spend a penny to make a dime”, Thomas repeats, and clarifies that you really have to work hard and smart to make your stock portfolio pay for itself.

“With stock photography, since you do not know if or how long it will take to get your investment back, you must keep the costs low.”, he advises.

“I use 5% to 10% of each months earning and reinvest this into image making. This may not seem like much but so far, this has been working. I find you have to get creative to keep the costs this low.”

Just another grinder

When asked how good a photographer he is, Thomas jokes that he’s a “fucking rock star”, but once the laughter dies down, he admits he’s no better than many other photographers out there. “I am a grinder like 90% of the photographers working. I am passionate about photography and love my job. In my group of photo friends, I am the person who can light anything. In the end, I will let the images speak for themselves.”

“How long did it take you to build up your microstock portfolio?”, I ask him. “Hey, don’t ask a question like that – it make it sound like I have stop building it”!. The man’s got a point.

“I am a slow starter and it took me over six months to get 100 images into the portfolio.”, he says. ” Once I saw you could turn this into a profitable business I got serious about producing images. Remember selling stock images is just part of my photographic income. In the beginning I had to find a way to make, it fit into my schedule. To make this work and to keep cost low, my workflow had to be tight.”

A week in the life of a microstock star

Monday: Plan stock shoots/process images from last weeks’ shoots. I try to get two stock sessions done per week. For processing the images, I use Lightroom for about 90% of the work. I am a firm believer in getting it right in the camera, so I do not spend much time fixing images in Photoshop. I am a firm believer in Actions and Presets, if I do take an image into Photoshop more than likely I have built an Action to fix the problem.

Tuesday: Other studio business

Wednesday: Shoot stock images/upload images. A stock session last from two to three hours depending on what I have to shoot. After the shoot, it is back to other studio business for the rest of the day. I use software that allows me to bulk upload images, this part of the process is complete in the evening.

Thursday and Friday: Other studio business

Saturday: Flea markets/Stock shoots.

Sunday: Extreme couching!

Final advice

There’s no real secret to microstock photography: It’s all about the hard graft, putting in the hours, and delivering consistently good work. But then, that’s the case with all professions, right?

 

A huge thanks to Willie Thomas of EDPT fame – also check out his iStockPhoto portfolio!


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WINNERS: one of 5 copies of my book!

Right, the winners for the competition have been picked! By deadline, there were 151 competition entries, and I used Random.org to pick the winners.

The winners are:

#2 – ryan97ou
#88 – Luís Brás
#120 – John Jimenez
#116 – Tim Norris
#98 – Aaron Snowden

I’ll e-mail you all as soon as to get your addresses so I can ship the books out to you. CONGRATULATIONS!

Original competition for posterity: 

I know I keep harping on about it, but I’m rather proud of this thing – loads of you have already bought the book (just saw the latest report from the publisher – incredible!), but if you fancy winning one completely for free, then here’s your chance!

I’ve got 5 copies to give away completely for free, and I’ll even sign them for you, if you’re interested. To enter, simply add a comment to this post.

 

The winner will be drawn on May 5th this year, at random from the commenters (so make sure that you’ve entered a working e-mail address so I can contact you to get your mailing address!).

If you’re not sure what to leave a comment about, why not just post a link to your DeviantArt gallery, Flickr profile, or website? I’d love to learn a little more about you lovely people!

As an aside, would you guys be interested in more competitions on Photocritic?

Would you like me to run more competitions on Photocritic.org?

View Results


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Which camera is this?

whatis-22.jpg

Update: This was an April’s fools’ joke in collaboration with DPReview. Sorry, guys ;)

Just a quick one – I had a day off before starting my new job, so I was out go-karting with my dad yesterday (I won, hah), and we went for a bit of a touristic travel around London afterwards. Near London Bridge, I saw someone who was taking some photos. Nothing unusual there, I hear you say, but what caught my attention was the camera he was using – what IS that thing? 

 

I only managed to snap one useable photo:

whatis-01.jpg

whatis-02.jpgI like to think that I’m pretty decent at recognising cameras (I smile and nod whenever I meet anyone who carries a 40D, just like me, and I growl (only slightly) when someone’s looking smug, carrying a
top-end Nikon around), but this one is a bit of a mystery to me… It looks vaguely expensive, too.

The only dSLR camera I know of that has a swivel-screen like that is the Olympus E3 – which I reviewed for T3 magazine a few weeks back, so I know it quite well… And this is not it.

Do any of you recognise it? It’s driving me bloody bonkers!

Oh, since some of you e-mailed me to ask: This is the other picture I managed to snap – it doesn’t show the camera off as well, but perhaps it helps?

whatis-22.jpg


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The problem with microstock

We do an experiment with microstock, and discover that while I sold three times more photos, I earned 40 times less money from the micro stock sales than from a full-on agency – with the exact same photos on sale…

The lesson? If you’re a decent photographer, stay the hell away from micro-stock: The bigger agencies treat you better, pay you more, and actually make an effort to sell your photos on a bigger scale.  

 

A bit of background on this one: I used to work as a freelance photographer, and I have a huge back-library of photos that have been used in print, which is now sitting around, doing nothing much at all. I’ve long been selling them via Alamy, and have made a nice little income on the photos over the years.

A bit of history

The problem is that traditionally, stock photography has been a staple of high-end photographers who want a way to make a long-term investment into their photography: Huge agencies take on the very best photographers and represent them (hence the word ‘agency’), selling their photographs to newspapers, magazines, etc, and take a share of the money for their services, then look after the rest.

Then along came Alamy, which caused waves: It had high quality standards, and demanded the very best from its photographers, but it was one of the first times where any professional photographer could be tied to a large agency and start making money of their stock libraries.

Then something weird happened: Microstock. The basic idea of micro stock photography is that photographers upload their photos, which then are sold for what in the world of stock photography is a ridiculously low amount of money. How ridiculous? Well, a photo on iStockphoto sells typically for 20 times less than a photo on Alamy, which in turn sells for a third of the price of a photo from one of the ‘big boys’.

The real problem here, of course, is simple economics: Even if you have a phenomenally huge library, it’s nigh-on impossible to make a decent living off microstock, simply because the margins are far too low to bother. As a result, the entire low-end of the stock photography market is left to amateurs who want to try and break into making some cash of their photos. No harm done there, you may say, but the problem is that the amateurs – even though many of them are highly talented photographers – are grossly underselling their high-quality photos.

Whereas people used to turn to microstock with a slight tinge of disdain, and an approach of ‘these photos aren’t really good enough, but I can’t afford to use a big agency’s photos with this budget’, the current batch of photos on iStockphoto and the rest of the microstock brigade is actually pretty good.

Which is worrying, because it means that the people who are letting micro stock agencies represent themselves are probably underselling themselves quite drastically.

The experiment

Personally, I’ve got around 400 photos in my portfolio on Alamy, and I make a reasonably good amount of money per month – not enough to live off, but not bad either, considering it’s just sitting there, making money. In fact, 90% of the sales I make are of the same 3 photos, and that gets close to 100% when we take the top 10 photos. So I figured I’d try a little experiment: What happens if I take the same 10 best-selling photos, and upload them to iStockphoto? How many sales will I make? How much money will I make?

Quite apart from the absolutely ridiculous vetting procedures iStockphoto have (that’s another post waiting to happen – suffice to say that I’m vastly unimpressed how they reject photos that I’ve had in print in dozens of magazines, websites and books because of fictional ‘issues’ – and how photos that are very similar, taken within seconds of each other, but with a different angle – get accepted without any problems), the results of my little experiment were frightening.

Over the period I ran this test, I sold 3 photos from the top 10 via Alamy, and 8 photos from the same selection via iStockphoto. Not bad, you may say: I’ve just made nearly three times more sales via a microstock site. Which is entirely undeniable.

However, if you look at the paycheck, the difference is shocking: The 8 sales via iStockphoto put a total of $4.54 in my pocket: Definitely not worth the while it took me to upload, tag, and faff about with the photographs. In contrast, the pay-check from Alamy, was just over $200.

Apart from the entirely selfish approach, which can be summarised into ‘I would much rather make $200 than $4.54′, there is the grander scheme of things to keep in mind: It’s all fine and dandy to chuck your photos on a site and make some cash off them, but is it worth it if this means that you’re taking the bread and butter away from someone else?

The bigger picture

A recent article on the BBC News website explains what the problem really is:

“If photographers, like any artist, are going to continue to invest and create and be involved and if the business want to see the types of images from professional photographers that are really extraordinary then they are going to have to support the artists,” says Betsy Reid from the Stock Artists Alliance which represents professional stock photographers.

“Unfortunately, we need to be paid to survive. I have seen very little evidence, if any, that anyone can thrive on a microstock income,” says Reid.

Microstock has also put pressure on professional photographers like Shannon Fagan. He now has to produce 60 saleable shots in one session rather than the 10 he used to aim for and the budget cuts affect his entire operation.

“My fees are dropping. I presented that to the agencies that sell the photos, and said this is a problem. There is nothing they can do about it. It is not their problem. It gets transferred to me, the crew, the models, the locations,” he says.

Another piece of writing from the Photographers Direct site rings very true to me:

The painful injustice of microstock sites can be seen from the July 23rd 2007 cover of Time Magazine. The cover has 3 images. One is credited to Getty Images, one to istockphoto. How much did the photographers earn?

… obviously, both photographers were good enough to be featured on the cover of Time Magazine – but one of them screwed themselves over badly. While they can now say they’ve been published on the cover of Time Magazine, one of them hasn’t seen more than a few dollars for their photo, while the other photographer made enough for a week-end break in New York for his troubles. Does that seem fair to you?

A word on RF / RM

Microstock is typically sold as Royalty Free (RF). This means that once the end-user has purchased a licence to use this photograph, they can use it again and again without paying royalties – If a band decides to use your photograph on the front of a album cover, or if a magazine decides to use it in a mast-head (a banner that goes across the top, typically used to mark off a specific section of a magazine), they can use the photo again and again as often as they please.

Rights managed photography (RM), however, works differently – in this case, a publisher buys the right to use your photograph in a very specific setting (print run of up to 10,000, in the US only, in the months of April and May, for example), which means that if the magazine decides to use your photo one more time, they have to pay you one more time.

There has long been some animosity between professional stock photographers, who have traditionally been selling their images rights-managed, and photographers who have decided to sell their photos on an RF licence, because the former feel that the latter are devaluing the market.

The discussion rages further, of course, with the introduction of the microstock markets, where you not only don’t get a choice about which licence you sell your photographs under, but it’s also selling at much lower price

Some advice

If you’re good enough to take superb-quality photos, put some work into getting adequate representation, and sign with a good stock photography agency. Selling your best photos for cents is an insult – not just to yourself, but also to those who work full-time to produce high quality stock photography.

In the grand scheme of things, if you keep giving away your best photos for cheap, you’re doing yourself a serious disservice.

I, for one, will take down my photos off iStockPhoto. It’s not worth the hassle, and it’s just plain wrong.

Finally, you may be interested an article we wrote a while ago, entitled How Much should I charge for a Photo


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Never miss an issue of Photocritic!

Picture-14.jpg

You’ve probably heard of RSS – also known as Really Simple Syndication. You haven’t? Oh my golly, you really should!

RSS allows you to keep track of your favourite websites, when it suits YOU. You don’t spend hours and hours checking your bookmarks and seeing if they have updated their site recently, just subscribe to the RSS feeds. Use Google Reader, or any of the others of dozens of RSS readers, both on-line and off-line, out there.

You don’t get full functionality, but at least you know when something has changed, and is worth having a peek at!

So… Take the RSS feed from /feed, and add it to your reader or client.

Or, if you use LiveJournal, why not add the LiveJournal-friendly syndication feed to your friends list?

Rock on.


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The death of photo journalism

“From this day, the painting is dead”, Paul Delaroche exclaimed when he saw the first Daguerreotype in 1839. He turned out to be wrong about the bit about the art of painting being dead, but photography certainly had a profound impact on our way of life.

As a matter of fact, as early as in 1900, it was said that “the daily press, advertisements, posters, scientific literature, the popular lecture, decoration, and now the kinetograph, not to speak of the coming colored photography, have all contributed what is probably slowly coming to be a new mode of pictorial thought” (Goldberg 1991, p16) 

The Past: A brief history of photojournalism

Since the turn of the last century (1899 has been pointed out as the year photography really gained foothold in print media), pictures have become one of the sources of information newspaper readers have grown to rely on. (Lebeck & Von Dewitz 2001) As technology improved and the introduction of graphical images and photographs into newsprint became possible, editors realised that photographs were important additions to their journalistic textual input. Fred Barnard, a writer for Printer’s Ink, nailed the place of photojournalists firmly into history in 1921, by coining the phrase “A picture is worth a thousand words”. (Stevenson 1948)

Technology continued improving and photojournalism slowly became more significant. In terms of layout, photographs were more often than not the first thing people noticed about an article – even before headlines. (Hodgson 1998) The newfound love of graphical input on news pages spawned the first wave of photojournalists, some of whom became world famous. Mathew Brady (1823-1896), Jacob Riis (1849-1914), Margaret Bourke-White (1904-1971) and Robert Capa (1913-1954) are but of a few of the pioneers who shaped the field of documentary photography and photojournalism in its early days.

After the initial impact of photographs in print subsided, new publications appeared, focussing specifically on photojournalism as a form of journalism. Magazines such as Life, Picture Post and Look raised important issues in society almost exclusively through the art of stills images and image captions.
The images come to life
With the introduction of moving images, photojournalism took quite a punch: The newsreels being played in cinemas in the 1920s and 30s were seen as a dangerous competitor to stills photographers, but its threat was eventually brushed off, as people realised it could take weeks – in some case even months – before news stories made it to the cinemas, whereas photographs could appear in the newspaper within the same week. (Goldberg 1991)

All of this changed drastically with the invention of the tape-based (as opposed to film-based) cameras in the early 1950s (Bellis 2003), when news could be edited down and transmitted the same evening. Still, the news photograph as a medium of art and communication kept growing: “During the 1960s, still photography and television news played off one another, boosting the power of images yet another notch” (Goldberg 1991, p217). In 1980, CNN was started, increasing the ever-growing tempo of news publishing, simultaneously hammering in the first nail in the coffin of photojournalism. The CNN, transmitting 2,592,000 news pictures a day (30 frames a second, 24 hours a day), has saturated the market for pictures. Whatever people want to see, they can see 24 hours a day. Despite the fact that although “television news has produced many memorable moments, photographs are more fully and easily remembered” (Goldberg 1991, p218). Simultaneously, investigative photojournalism has a possibility of being more in-depth than television. This, however, costs money. And money is scarce in the world of hardnosed competition within the media.

 

The Present

Things have changed since the early days of photojournalism. The media in general have undergone some significant changes. From being sources of reasonably unbiased public information, the current media climate – at least for the largest media organisations – is that of a world where profits are the key priority. For smaller publications such as local and small regional papers, the question becomes less one of profitability and more one of survival.

Perhaps because of this, The art of photography as a journalistic media “has been consigned to history because it is no longer regarded as an important medium of information for mass readership” (Lebeck & Dewitz 2001, p7) The pictures themselves, however, are still as important as ever. As Harold Evans puts it: “Everest is undeniably climbed, but we want to see the photograph of the man standing on top.” (Evans 1978 p5)

We still find pictures – a great number of them – in newspapers every day. The difference lies in who takes the pictures. Many publications, in particular smaller regional papers and the locals, have done away with staff photographers completely, or have kept considerable fewer than the size of the publication would dictate. Consequently, these publications rely heavily on news photo agencies, public relations material and (to a lesser degree) freelance work. A fourth option that is becoming more and more common is the journalist going out on an assignment being equipped with a digital camera, taking some snaps during or after the interview.

A journalist who takes pictures vs. a photojournalist

Photography and journalism, while often being seen as the pair of horses pulling the chariot that is newspaper production, are completely different on many different levels. Photography as a profession is often placed in the same bin as painting, illustrating and other visual arts (Evans 1978), while journalism is more closely related to linguistics and academic work.

This difference is significant, as it ties in with the theories on usage of the brain. The left brain is linear, logical, sequential and verbal – containing all the points an editor would look for in a journalist. The right side of the brain, on the other hand, is holistic, nonverbal, intuitive and creative – also good characteristics of a journalist, but arguably far more important to a photographer. We all use both sides of the brain, but most people have a dominant side (MTSU 2002). A corollary of this is that most people will be better at taking pictures or researching and writing up stories. Practical experience has shown that – more often than not – brilliant journalists make appalling photographers and that the best photographers are nigh on illiterate . This means that editors have three choices: hire a good photographer who can write, hire a good writer who can take pictures, or hire somebody who is mediocre at both. The obvious choice is to choose somebody who can string some decent sentences together. The result? Photography suffers.

This never used to be a problem until the photographers were taken out of the equation. In the Norwegian local press this is particularly noticeable, but the same tendency can be found in the in the US regional press. The pictures used in the news sections of these publications are often rather uninspiring. The problems are normally not technical: modern digital cameras are as close to foolproof as we are going to get, especially because the results of the exposure are evident seconds after the picture is taken: If something is very wrong with the picture, it is always possible to retake it, and the majority of errors made in the process can be fixed in the digital darkroom.

The problem with using journalists as photographers is of a different character, which is far more difficult to define. The solution, here represented by the words of Margaret Bourke-White, is simpler: “While it is not necessary to return to the photography of 25 years ago, I think students of photography should work for a while with the view camera and do their own lab work” (Bourke-White 1958, p182). The point made here is important. A photographer is more likely to be familiar with the whole process, from the split second when the shutter goes ‘click’ to the hours a print hangs to dry after its baths of developer and fix.

Good photographers feel when something is wrong about an exposure, and change the settings on their cameras accordingly. The camera becomes an extension of the eye, in a similar way that experienced drivers don’t have to think about when to change gears, and how an adept journalist doesn’t have to think about how to write “skilled occupation” in shorthand. Or, back to the eloquence of the professional: “It is very easy to chase around with a little camera, shooting all over the map, and saying ‘Oh, they can fix that in the darkroom.’ But that’s not the place for fixing. Photography is a creative medium, and the creating should be done on the spot” (Bourke-White 1958, p182).

Despite the fact that these words were written 45 years ago, they are still remarkably applicable: Digital technology has come far, but there are limitations to how much information that is viable to remove from or add to an image. In addition to this, there are all the ethical limitations: What can be done to an image that is to be passed off as ‘the truth’?

Obviously, journalists are not stupid. Much like journalism, however, photography is a skill that cannot be fully taught in courses and instruction manuals: “Electronic transmission and manipulation are a boon, as is the compact disc is a boon for music, but the disc needs Mick Jagger or Mozart, and the page needs the Don McCullins and the Eddie Adamses of this world as much as ever.” (Evans 1978, p6) It is when the instructions and photography-rulebooks run out and intuition begins that a true photojournalist is born. This is a process that cannot be demanded or expected of every journalist

Observations outside the Norwegian local press
Having seen the worst-case scenario in the newsrooms of the Norwegian local media, it is worth taking a wider look at some parts of the rest of the world. For example: During a recent work experience session at Your Move magazine, a local Liverpool property and lifestyle magazine, I experienced that the market for photography is still there. It is, however, outside the scope of news photography: Most of the photography work done was in the commercial genre; portraits, product photography, fashion and architectural shots.

Other publications I have worked for, such as Norwegian VG and VG Nett, still employ full-time photographers. The problem is that there are not enough of them, and (again in an effort to save money), no more are employed. The result of this is that, while being able to run the newspaper more efficiently, the photographers have to be prioritised. In my experience, the priority will more often than not be on sensationalist and / or celebrity news. The reason for this is probably that this is what sells the newspapers. There is little time and other resources for in-depth photo assignments.

In the UK, things are a little better than in Norway. The reason for this is probably that a bigger population causes a bigger audience. A bigger audience causes a larger budget, and with a larger budget, allowances can be made for photography features and a different approach to the photojournalistic side of the publication. Aside from the thriving paparazzi culture (which arguably is the most visible group and possibly contains some of the most skilled photographers), newspapers like the Observer and other major Sunday papers make space for special feature sections. These sections often contain significant photography work, proving that the genre of photojournalism may not be quite as dead as portrayed elsewhere in this essay.

Conclusion

This essay has focussed primarily on a dark future: While the technology has gotten better, the average photography quality on exhibit in the press is deteriorating. The essay has shown why giving journalists cameras is not a substitution for specialised photographers, but the question remains: What can be done?

24 hour television news is here to stay, which means that news snaps have lost all value: the television media runs circles around snapshots. The only area where news photography can compete is in the area of human affairs: Vivid portrayal of strong moments, events and charismatic people can be done better by a still frame than a television camera. The medium for seeing such pictures is newspapers or magazines. Because of this, perhaps the need for more news photographers than today is absent, but the media is gasping for better photographers. Men and women who still know the trade of telling a story through photographs.

Bibliography

Bellis, M (2003) The History of Video and Related Innovations. / http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blvideo.htm

Bourke-White (1958) Photojournalism Now and Tomorrow. / In Smith Schuneman, R (1972) Photographic Communication. / London: Focal Press

Evans, H (1978) Pictures on a Page: Photo-journalism, Graphics and picture editing. / London: Pimlico

Goldberg, V (1991) The power of photography: how photographs changed our life. / New York: Abbeville Press Publishers

Hodgson, FW (1998) New Subediting / London: Focal Press

Lebeck, R & von Dewitz, B (2001) Kiosk: Eine geschichte der fotoreportage 1839-1973. Cologne: Steidl

MTSU (Middle Tennessee State University) (2002) Left/Right Processing. / http://www.mtsu.edu/~devstud/advisor/LRBrain.html (last verified May 18 2003)

Stevenson, B (1948) The Home Book of Proverbs, Maxims and Familiar Phrases. / New York: Macmillan


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Your photos in a photo gallery

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Have you ever thought about having your photos in a photo gallery? I have, and it’s bloody nerve-wrecking. Whether your work is displayed for sale in a pub, for the sake of art in a gallery, or whether you just printed off a picture and your mum stuck it on the fridge with a magnet, it opens it up to a whole different type of scrutiny than if you post your images, say, on DeviantArt.

Why? Because this time, it’s real, flesh-and-blood people who look at your photos, not strangers with a broadband connection and a dinky laptop.

Having your photos on display for real strips away all the excuses. It can no longer be their monitor. It will no longer be that they are looking at things out of context… It’s all you.

I’m a passionate believer in the idea that you should display your photos – and so is my good friend Bobby Friske, who shares his first experience of a gallery showing, and the lessons he learned in the process…  

 

Take it away, Bobby…

bobbyfriske-1.jpgMy back-story in two sentences: I started off in audio, and then moved to video/film. I’ve done 3 short films and been an amateur photographer all along. I’d been photographing the urban jungle for awhile and thought I was finally getting some shots that were good enough to be put in front of other people. Pompous? Maybe. Completely clueless? Yeah, that’s more accurate.

Armed with a portfolio of about 40 photos I’d picked out of my collection I casually mentioned to my girlfriend I was ready to attempt to get into a gallery showing. Call it fate, dumb luck, or the photo gods in my corner… my girlfriend found a local gallery accepting submissions. Look in your local entertainment paper if you have one, it’s a great place to start.

bobbyfriske-4.jpgGetting ready for exhibition

Two emails later I’m sitting in a local gallery in front of the woman who looks at your work and tells you “yep” or “nope”. Next thing I know she’s asking me how I plan to mount the photos, what I plan to charge, etc. This is where you can learn from my mistakes. First off, in situations like this I generally nod my head and BS my way through things, so there was no reason to start a new trend. I told her my made up plans on mounting, asked her what she thought I should charge and went with it.

It’s an exciting and scary thing to know you’re about to have your work on display with a gallery. I’ve done film work where I talked in front of 200 people, but that was a collaborative effort. People were going to see these photographs I had taken and like them, or dislike them, plain and simple! Needless to say it’s a little intimidating.

I’m lucky enough to have a photographer mentor, i.e. she makes her living as a photographer. So, of course I solicited her help. Some things she taught me:

  1. Have a beginning, middle and end to your photographs on display. This was key and a no-brainer in hindsight. Learn about triptychs, basically the beauty of 3′s.
  2. Have multiple sizes of your photographs available. (More on this later).
  3. Be ready to “talk artistic” with people who want to know more than you may have ever thought about the picture in front of you. What was your inspiration? Why did you shoot that? What camera, settings, lenses, lighting, etc did you use?

Framing

bobbyfriske-2.jpgNext is framing. Yes, I had to provide my own frames and that seems to be commonplace. I had quite a few 8″x10″, and some 13″x19″ photographs I’d printed up. Framing can be costly, but I chose to do it on the cheap. I chose Hobby Lobby for the 8×10. I bought the $2 plastic frames with glass front. What I did to make the look “artsy” was turn the backing around. It has more of a corrugated board look that worked well for my city shots.

For the 13×19 I had to spend a little extra, but not much. I got deep black foam core for $2, cut glass from Home Depot for $10 each and mounted everything with heavy duty clips from my local office supply store, around $5 for all of them. To hang them I used thin steel wire from Home depot with wire clamps. For each large frame it cost me about $15. The other plus to the cheap cost was they looked like the belonged with the photos.

Opening night

Now, the big night. It’s a cliché but true that it all went by very fast, but here’s some things I noticed. You get all kinds at a showing. Friends, co-workers, email buddies and the gallery regulars that are usually on the studios email list. You basically are there to mingle and talk about your work. It runs the gamut from the person who says “I like, or hate” this” to the deep intellectual that wants to know every facet of how the photo before the two of you came to be.

Prices you ask? I’ll tell you. For the 8″x10″ photos I charged $35.00, for the 13″x19″, $85.00. Now here’s where the mentors advice came in handy. She said have 2-3 reprints of each photo in 4″x6″ format, sell them for $10 each. Let me tell you, that’s the ones people bought. Yeah, I sold a few at $35 and a couple at $85, but I sold a LOT of $10 pics.

It’s quite a wild feeling to have someone actually pay you for a picture you’ve taken. It’s even further gratifying when they send you a picture of your photograph hanging in their house.

bobbyfriske-3.jpgLessons learned

It may sound corny, but it’s true: Just do it. You’ll learn a lot about how others view your work, more than a photography group, more than online chat.

People that make an effort to come to a show want to see something visually appealing and if they don’t like something, they’ll tell you. I learned to have multiple copies of small photographs. I also learned people will show up if there’s food, even if it’s snacky stuff.

All in all it was a great experience and I look forward to my next showing…

You can see the photos from Bobby’s gallery showing at his website. Like it? Well, check out his Flickr site as well, then!

Images © Bobby Friske


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Photocritic Greatest Hits

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Hey all! First of all, a quick apology – I’ve been so busy with my day-job that I haven’t had time to update Photocritic nearly as often as I would like. Having said that, it’s practically 2 months since my last update, which is downright embarrassing. I’ll have look if I can’t come up with updates at a more reasonable interval.

If any of you fancy writing a few guest articles (quite a few people have done so in the past), get in touch!

Anyway, I know it’s a dirty little cop-out, but I thought I’d do a top 10 of Photocritic’s most popular articles – you know, just in case you’ve missed any of these gems, until I manage to pull my finger out, and do some actual updates. 

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Photo: Skate-zo-phrenia by Photocritic.org on Flickr

 

1 – Try nude photography was our introduction to nude photography – where do you find models, what do you have to think about, etc…

2 – Macro Photography on a Budget is my how-to guide on how to make a macro extension tube out of a Pringles can – it became phenomenally popular, and was one of the things that caused a publisher to notice me – it became the first step towards me writing a book on Macro Photography

3 – Photographing smoke was an interview with one of the guys who pioneered the technique which was vastly popular in 2007 – I wrote it up in a way that allowed everyone to have a go.

4 – Nude Photography avec Renoux was another interview, this time with Pascal Renoux, who is one of my favourite nude photographers.

5 – How to win a photography contest came out of me being the judge at a photography competition, and I started thinking about how I judged images, and what I felt strong photography is all about. Well worth a read, even if you have no intention whatsoever entering a competition.

6 – Creating a photography portfolio does just what it says on the tin, but it also muses on the different types of portfolios you may have to create

7 – Your Photos, 300-style is about the visual technique created in the film 300, and how you can recreate the effect in your own photographs. 300 became a rather popular film, and so did this write-up, obviously

8 – Concert Photography is something I’m passionate about, and I decided to try the be-all and end-all guide on the topic. I failed, but I since wrote several other guides – you can find them all tagged with the concert photography tag.

9 – High-speed photography is a bit of a surprise on this list, actually – I never realised it was such a popular topic. Then again, the results that come about through using HS photography techniques are rather stunning, so perhaps I shouldn’t have been so surprised.

10 – Create your own IR filter is a goofy little article – basically just a simple tip – but it could potentially save you quite a lot of money, if you’re not sure if IR photography is the thing for you.

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Photo: Grolsch beer bottle by Photocritic.org, on Flickr

So there you have it – hope you like some of these articles!


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Pan and scan, baby

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If your digital camera has just packed it in, or you just feel like shaking things up a little bit, why not consider alternative photography? After all, using a camera isn’t the only way to get stuff into your computer for processing… Instead of scanning your prints, why not skip the camera altogether and scan the objects you’re photographing?  

 

It ain’t nothin’ new – at the dawn of the internet, there was a site where people put their kittens on a scanner, and saw what came out – normally, little blurry bunches of fur that were confused by the sound and moving light – but good fun nonetheless.

Of course, you can go beyond the nefarious business of scanning your pets – Use your imagination, and you can use your scanner to scan 3D objects: Cigars, apples, bugs – all you need is a bit of imagination.

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Using a scanner for capturing your images has many advantages:

1. You will get a great exposure of the object

2. You can do macro photography using your scanner

3. You can scan anything you can place on the scanner

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A couple of tips:

1. Clean your scanner properly first, because if you don’t, you’ll find yourself spending hours in Photoshop cleaning it all off.

2. You can remove the top lid of your scanner and turn the lights off to get a black background.

3. You can use any kind of material above the object you want to scan to get a different background. Want blue? Try a sheet of paper or a t-shirt!

4. Macro photos? No problem! Scan in high resolution, and crop in on what you want to cover.

6. Most scanners will allow you to scan in very high resolution

7. Scan scan scan and experiment with any kind of objects.

Give it a shot – dust off the ‘ole flatbed scanner, you’ll never see it in the same way again! Happy scanning!

Have you tried it? Post a link to your Flickr gallery in the comments!

(This article is based on ‘Scan your Imagination‘ by Raymundo Panduro. All photos © Raymundo.)


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The return of street photography

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You’re a keen photographer, and you find yourself in a city where the world’s biggest art festival sneaks up on you. It’d be rude not to do anything, really… But what?

Katie Cooke, a long-term friend of mine, who might be more known in the photography world as the queen of pinhole photography, decided to set up a little market stall in the middle of the mayhem, and take photos of people who felt like being photographed. Using a classic Toyp 45CF field camera loaded with Ilford HP5+, she decided to show the Fringe from an unusual angle… We’ve caught up with her to find out how and why. 

 

festival-faces-01.jpg“I was lucky to find a spot in Hunter Square that suited me really well: a north-west facing plain wall close to the main action of the madness of the Royal Mile during the Fringe, but tucked away between a portacabin on one side and a big tourist information map on the other.”, Katie recalls. She did two sessions of photographs, and made sure that the tripod stayed in the same place throughout the shoot. “I wanted a consistent viewpoint and scale”, she comments.

Photographing with a field camera is no walk in the park. Apart from the massively heavy camera with a 210mm lens (that’s equivalent to roughly a 65mm lens on a 35mm camera), Katie had to lug a tripod, a light meter, dark cloth, a loupe (for checking focus on the ground-glass focusing screen), eight film holders (which take one sheet on each side), a spare box of HP5+ film and a changing bag so she would be able to load more film if necessary. She also brought a stack of model release forms, to avoid any nasty accidents later on.

Selecting the models

festival-faces-02.jpgIn the beginning, Katie spent a lot of time people-watching before carefully selecting her subjects. “I was looking looking for people who weren’t in a mad hurry or a large group”, she explains. Picking someone out of a crowd is easy, of course – the difficult bit is what comes next: Asking them if they want to be photographed. “I had huge waves of shyness, and a fear of being creepy. I kept seeing fascinating people, but not having the courage to ask them to stop for me, partly because I was fretting they would take it the wrong way.”

For the second shoot, Katie got the help from two friends, who jumped at the chance to help out with this unique project. One of them had a particular advantage, of course “He had a secret weapon”, Katie grins, “it’s hard for people to feel threatened when approached by someone with a laughing baby strapped to their chest.”

Of course, you are in the middle of a massive art festival, and if there’s one thing that always struck me with the Fringe festival, it’s that you never know what around you is part of a performance, and what isn’t. Still, as it turned out, most people were nice about being asked for an impromptu modelling session. “There was a general sense of slight bafflement, mixed with curiosity, and relief that I wasn’t trying to persuade them to go to yet another show.”, Katie explains.

toyo.jpgKatie believes that perhaps it helped to use an odd-looking camera. “at least some people wanted to know what that was all about, and why on earth I’d choose to use such an old-fashioned monster”.

Originally, the plan was to entice the models into modeling by bribing them with baked goods: “I had planned to do a pile of baking, and offer a fairycake for a photograph. I really wish I’d got around to doing that, as it defuses the potential creepy factor, and turns the whole business into something of a game, which seems more in the spirit of the festival.”, but that’s where the festival sneaking up on you comes in, and the plan fell by the wayside.

Connecting with strangers

festival-faces-03.jpgNormally, you spend a fair bit of time getting under the skin of your models, in order to get to know them, and to find a way how you can best show them off. That, unfortunately, is not a luxury that’s afforded to a photographer working in the hustle and bustle of a busy festival.

Nonetheless, as a seasoned and experienced portrait photographer, Katie decided to condense this initial chit-chat into as short a time-frame as possible: “I wanted to work fast so that no one would get to the point of feeling uncomfortable or put out by giving up too much time, so I didn’t have as long as I really like to talk to people before making the photos. I just tried to get a conversation going back and forth from the moment I walked up to them to the point where the shutter closed, all the time watching them to see how their faces moved, how their bodies moved, and trying to get a sense of who they were. I really enjoyed these brief meetings, and was struck by how generous and open people can be.”

festival-faces-04.jpgOnce again, the camera format helps: Once the focusing is set, there’s no reason to be standing behind the camera anymore. “It’s easier to get a connection with someone when you don’t have a camera stuck to your face.”, Katie notes.

The funny thing is that when you become part of a festival in this kind of way, you’re not merely documenting the goings-on – especially with a camera – you become part of the festival itself.

“The project started from curiosity”, Katie says, and says she was just curious about the people who all pile into Edinburgh for the festival. She decided she was particularly interested in the fact that the festival is such a public spectacle. “There is a weird divide between the watchers and the watched, between the performers and the endless snapping of cameras”, she muses, and notices the contrast between taking photos at random and asking the subjects to come to you. “By setting up in a fixed place, almost as a small event, I wanted to get around the idea of grabbing or sneaking photos, but invite people to be willing collaborators in the project.”

Shooting with old-fashioned equipment

festival-faces-05.jpgI imagine that most readers of this blog are regular users of digital cameras – our recent poll in which 70% of you said your main camera was a dSLR would certainly indicate that – and that many of you have never taken a photo with a field camera. It was exactly part of the allure for this project, however: “I don’t think I could have made these pictures with a digital camera, because I don’t work well with digital and I don’t enjoy it.”

“Photographing digitally doesn’t suit how I see or think. So I stopped using digital cameras a few years ago, because they made me stupid. This is a very different way of working”, Katie explains, and continues with a point that hits very close to my own heart “I find the discipline of slow, expensive photography to be perversely liberating: each shot has to count, and each shot requires thought and commitment.”

Getting results

festival-faces-06.jpgBeing part of a festival could have been easily accomplished by not bothering with film in the camera – that would have made an entirely acceptable performance art piece, for example: “I think I’d have been happy even if the photographs themselves had been a washout, because the experience and the process was so enjoyable, and I learned a huge amount by doing it.” – but Katie is a photographer at heart, and the final results will be the memories that out-live all others from the day. As she admits: “Getting some good pictures out of the endeavour was a massive bonus”. So how, exactly, do you go about getting a good photo under that kind of pressure?

Throughout the two days, 28 people were photographed, with 2 exposures of each. Needless to say, there is a lot of pressure on ‘getting it right’ if you only get 2 chances at getting a photo to be right. Katie notes that there are some interesting patterns in the way the 2 photos compare to each other, however “Often one will have a “smile for the camera” smile, and the other will have a real smile that’s come from the situation or the conversation, and the latter is clearly the stronger picture.”

In retrospect, more photography time might have resulted in even better results, Katie ponders: “I wish I’d been there all through the Festival, rather than just two afternoons. And I wish I’d made myself a little more visible, which would have helped entice people into my photographic lair, though perhaps that would have changed the results in unexpected ways. ”

“But more than anything, I really wish I had a way of developing more than four sheets of film at a time.”

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Check out the full gallery of Festival Faces in Katie’s Flickr set!

(photos © Katie Cooke, reproduced by permission – also check out Katie’s website, over on Slowlight.net.)


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Challenge: Portraiture styles

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Have you ever noticed how most photographers tend to develop a very specific photography style? It’s a great way to create a very distinctive appearance, of course, but it may also cause you to stagnate as a photographer.

Long-term reader of my blog Cristian Galletti posted a comment on my ‘loosen up your portraiture style‘ post a while ago, where he shows off how he manages to use half a dozen completely different photography styles. The quirk? Well, the photos are all of the same model.  

 

Check out 3 completely different shots here:

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…If you want more, check out his website. A series of photos of the same model can be seen here: photo 1, photo 2, photo 3, photo 4, photo 5 and photo 6. To get rid of the post-its over the top of the pictures, click the eye icon at the bottom-right of your screen. Finally, also make sure to check out the rest of Cristian’s website!

Amazing eh?

Challenge o clock!

My challenge to you, then: Do the same.

Use a single model, and create 4 very distinctive, completely different photographs. When successful, why not post a link to your efforts as a comment to this post? I’d love to see what you guys come up with!


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Best pictures - ever!

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A friend of mine sent me a link the other day, and I’ve been deeply fascinated by it – and its concept – ever since. The website is known as ‘best pic ever’, and it’s probably a pretty good description of what the site does – and what it does really quite well.

Click on ‘random image‘, and you’re offered a series of weird and wonderful images. Some of them are truly some of the most creative photographs I have seen in my life. Others are less technically proficient, but are still likely to make you grin broadly.

Not all is well in paradise, however: Where are the photos coming from?

bestever-2.jpgThe site is a bloody good good source of inspiration – have a click-about, and explore the wonderful world of creative photography – as I said, the random image section will have you boggling for hours, and the ‘popular‘ list offers some insight into what the rest of the internet finds exciting.

“But, it’s a great site”, I hear you cry, “why don’t you like it?”

I don’t wanna be a spoilsport, but the site worries me more than a little: sure, the photos are amazing, but I can’t help but wonder where they all came from.

Paying for a selection of photos like this would be very expensive indeed – the stock value of this level of professional photography is immense – far higher than the level of advertising on the website would dictate. Of course, in the crazy Web 2.0 times, it’s always possible that the people running the website are doing so with capital investment money, but I doubt it…

(The photos used in this article are from iStockphoto.)


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